{"id":7078,"date":"2024-08-22T01:55:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T23:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/scepticisme-philosophique-francais-descartes-aujourdhui\/"},"modified":"2024-08-23T01:55:00","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T23:55:00","slug":"scepticisme-philosophique-francais-descartes-aujourdhui","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/scepticisme-philosophique-francais-descartes-aujourdhui\/","title":{"rendered":"Le scepticisme dans la pens\u00e9e philosophique fran\u00e7aise : de Descartes \u00e0 aujourd’hui"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le scepticisme<\/strong> fut un courant majeur dans la tradition philosophique fran\u00e7aise<\/strong>, se distinguant par son questionnement profond et sa remise en question de la certitude<\/strong>. Depuis l’\u00e9mergence du doute<\/strong> avec Ren\u00e9 Descartes jusqu’aux r\u00e9flexions critiques de Montaigne sur le pyrrhonisme<\/strong>, il a fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 les d\u00e9bats intellectuels autour de la raison<\/strong> et de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/strong>. Ce voyage \u00e0 travers l’histoire du scepticisme r\u00e9v\u00e8le non seulement des dynamiques de pens\u00e9e d\u00e9terminantes mais aussi une influence persistante sur la mani\u00e8re dont nous percevons fondamentalement le monde aujourd’hui.<\/p>\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIndex\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
  1. L'\u00e9mergence du doute : Descartes et le d\u00e9but de la philosophie sceptique fran\u00e7aise<\/a>
  2. Montaigne et le pyrrhonisme : L'incertitude et la critique rationaliste<\/a>
  3. L'apog\u00e9e du scepticisme durant les Lumi\u00e8res : Entre raison et questionnement<\/a>
  4. Impact moderne : Le scepticisme dans la pens\u00e9e contemporaine fran\u00e7aise<\/a><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t

    L’\u00e9mergence du doute : Descartes et le d\u00e9but de la philosophie sceptique fran\u00e7aise<\/h2>\n\n

    Au XVIIe si\u00e8cle, Ren\u00e9 Descartes<\/strong>, une figure embl\u00e9matique de la philosophie fran\u00e7aise<\/strong>, a boulevers\u00e9 le monde intellectuel avec son approche radicale du doute. En introduisant le doute cart\u00e9sien<\/em>, Descartes a initi\u00e9 une nouvelle \u00e8re de pens\u00e9e sceptique, o\u00f9 l’incertitude n’\u00e9tait plus per\u00e7ue comme une faiblesse, mais comme un outil puissant pour atteindre la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Cela a commenc\u00e9 par sa c\u00e9l\u00e8bre d\u00e9claration \u00ab Je pense, donc je suis<\/em> \u00bb, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant son d\u00e9sir d’une certitude<\/strong> indubitable.<\/p>\n\n

    Descartes a structur\u00e9 sa m\u00e9thode sceptique<\/strong> en quatre \u00e9tapes fondamentales\u00a0: ne rien accepter comme vrai tant que cela n’est pas clairement \u00e9tabli\u00a0; diviser les difficult\u00e9s pour les examiner s\u00e9par\u00e9ment\u00a0; ordonner ses pens\u00e9es du plus simple au plus complexe\u00a0; et effectuer des d\u00e9nombrements si complets afin de n’oublier aucune \u00e9tape. Ces principes ont permis \u00e0 Descartes non seulement de remettre en cause les v\u00e9rit\u00e9s acquises, mais aussi d’\u00e9tablir un socle fiable pour les nouvelles d\u00e9couvertes. Ce processus m\u00e9thodique est devenu un pilier de la pens\u00e9e critique<\/strong> moderne.<\/p>\n\n

    La qu\u00eate de Descartes pour s’affranchir des illusions et parvenir \u00e0 une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 in\u00e9branlable s’illustrait notamment dans son scepticisme envers les sens. Il a souvent compar\u00e9 les illusions des sens \u00e0 des r\u00eaves, \u00e9veillant un d\u00e9bat sur la diff\u00e9rence entre perception et r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Ce doute m\u00e9thodique<\/strong> a ouvert la voie \u00e0 une r\u00e9volution intellectuelle, incitant d’autres penseurs \u00e0 explorer la fronti\u00e8re entre la raison et la nature incertaine de notre perception du monde.<\/p>

    Montaigne et le pyrrhonisme : L’incertitude et la critique rationaliste<\/h2>\n\n

    Michel de Montaigne<\/strong>, l’un des plus grands penseurs de la tradition philosophique<\/strong> fran\u00e7aise, a profond\u00e9ment explor\u00e9 le pyrrhonisme<\/strong>, une forme de scepticisme radical qui promeut le doute face \u00e0 toute pr\u00e9tention de v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Dans ses c\u00e9l\u00e8bres Essais<\/em>, Montaigne met en avant l’id\u00e9e que l’incertitude est non seulement in\u00e9vitable, mais aussi salutaire pour notre jugement. Par ses r\u00e9flexions, il r\u00e9interpr\u00e8te la sagesse antique pour questionner les certitudes de son \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n\n

    Montaigne adoptait une approche introspective, examinant le monde \u00e0 travers ses propres exp\u00e9riences, tout en restant lucide sur la relativit\u00e9 de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/strong>. Il reconnaissait que les perceptions de l’individu sont fr\u00e9quemment limit\u00e9es et influenc\u00e9es par les contextes culturels et historiques. Cette vision encourageait une attitude de tol\u00e9rance et d’ouverture d’esprit, caract\u00e9ristique de son style sceptique. C’est \u00e0 travers cette pens\u00e9e critique<\/strong> qu’il invitait ses contemporains \u00e0 remettre en question leurs convictions les plus ancr\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n

    Pr\u00e9sentant le relativisme<\/strong> comme une voie vers une compr\u00e9hension plus profonde de la complexit\u00e9 humaine, Montaigne d\u00e9montra que le doute pouvait \u00eatre un moyen efficace d’\u00e9panouissement intellectuel. Il utilisait des anecdotes et des exemples quotidiens pour illustrer ses id\u00e9es, rendant sa philosophie accessible et engageante. Cette mani\u00e8re de penser a influenc\u00e9 toute une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de philosophes, pavant la voie \u00e0 un discours plus nuanc\u00e9 sur la raison<\/strong> et la nature humaine.<\/p>\n

    \n

    \"Atlangue\u00a0\u00a0Vous pouvez \u00e9galement \u00eatre int\u00e9ress\u00e9 par la consultation :<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n

    L’apog\u00e9e du scepticisme durant les Lumi\u00e8res : Entre raison et questionnement<\/h2>\n\n

    Au c\u0153ur des Lumi\u00e8res<\/strong>, le scepticisme a trouv\u00e9 une nouvelle vigueur, devenant un outil essentiel pour pousser les limites de la raison<\/strong> humaine et d\u00e9fier les dogmes \u00e9tablis. Cette p\u00e9riode de questionnement<\/strong> intellectuel intense a permis de revisiter de nombreux principes fondamentaux<\/strong>, et a ouvert la voie au progr\u00e8s des sciences humaines<\/em>. Les penseurs de l’\u00e9poque, tels que Diderot et Rousseau, ont utilis\u00e9 le scepticisme pour promouvoir une approche critique de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, cherchant \u00e0 r\u00e9concilier raison et exp\u00e9rience humaine.<\/p>\n\n

    Par ailleurs, le philosophe fran\u00e7ais Voltaire<\/strong> a incarn\u00e9 cet esprit critique en d\u00e9fiant les superstitions et les doctrines religieuses rigides de son \u00e9poque. Sa plume ac\u00e9r\u00e9e et son esprit vif ont servi \u00e0 vulgariser des id\u00e9es sceptiques aupr\u00e8s d’un large public, affirmant que la remise en question constante \u00e9tait la clef de la compr\u00e9hension. Cette p\u00e9riode a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par un d\u00e9bat philosophique dynamique qui a cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre en lumi\u00e8re les contradictions et les illusions<\/strong> de la pens\u00e9e traditionnelle.<\/p>\n\n

    Le scepticisme des Lumi\u00e8res a finalement nourri un climat intellectuel o\u00f9 la rationalit\u00e9<\/strong> \u00e9tait prioritaire, pr\u00f4nant une vision pragmatique des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s sociales et politiques. Le questionnement permanent des v\u00e9rit\u00e9s \u00e9tablies a permis une avanc\u00e9e intellectuelle sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, posant les bases des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s modernes et influen\u00e7ant la pens\u00e9e critique contemporaine. Cette interaction entre scepticisme et rationalit\u00e9 a solidifi\u00e9 l’h\u00e9ritage des Lumi\u00e8res dans l’\u00e9volution de la philosophie fran\u00e7aise<\/strong>.<\/p>

    Impact moderne : Le scepticisme dans la pens\u00e9e contemporaine fran\u00e7aise<\/h2>\n\n

    Dans la pens\u00e9e contemporaine<\/strong> fran\u00e7aise, le scepticisme a continu\u00e9 d’\u00e9voluer, influen\u00e7ant les d\u00e9bats intellectuels et les mouvements philosophiques actuels. Notamment, des penseurs comme Jean-Paul Sartre<\/strong> et Michel Foucault<\/strong> ont int\u00e9gr\u00e9 le scepticisme dans leurs analyses, nourrissant un questionnement perp\u00e9tuel sur les structures de pouvoir<\/strong> et l’authenticit\u00e9 de nos perceptions. Leurs r\u00e9flexions stimulent un regard critique sur les v\u00e9rit\u00e9s accept\u00e9es et sur les r\u00e9cits dominants de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

    Dans le contexte des sciences humaines<\/strong>, le scepticisme sert d’outil m\u00e9thodologique pour encourager un examen rigoureux et une remise en question des hypoth\u00e8ses traditionnelles. Cette approche a conduit \u00e0 un renouveau dans la mani\u00e8re d’appr\u00e9hender les questions de subjectivit\u00e9, de pouvoir et d’identit\u00e9, en mettant en \u00e9vidence les divers jeux de langage et les structures sociales que nous tenons pour acquises. L’apport critique du scepticisme est donc essentiel pour d\u00e9construire les illusions, allant au-del\u00e0 des apparences trompeuses.<\/p>\n\n

    Chez des auteurs contemporains comme \u00c9mile Cioran<\/strong>, le scepticisme se manifeste par une interrogation constante sur le sens de l’existence et l’absurdit\u00e9 de l’\u00eatre. Cette approche existentialiste souligne une rationalit\u00e9<\/strong> plus nuanc\u00e9e, o\u00f9 le doute n’est pas simplement un obstacle, mais une source de r\u00e9flexion profonde et d’avanc\u00e9e intellectuelle<\/strong>. Ainsi, le scepticisme reste un \u00e9l\u00e9ment vital de la philosophie fran\u00e7aise<\/strong>, stimulant un dialogue continu sur la condition humaine et le sens de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Quel r\u00f4le le scepticisme a-t-il jou\u00e9 dans la philosophie fran\u00e7aise, de Descartes \u00e0 aujourd’hui ? D\u00e9couvrez ses impacts r\u00e9volutionnaires.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[127,117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophie-pensee","category-culture-francaise"],"spectra_custom_meta":{"_wp_page_template":["default"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_title":["Le scepticisme dans la pens\u00e9e philosophique fran\u00e7aise : de Descartes \u00e0 aujourd'hui"],"rank_math_description":["Quel r\u00f4le le scepticisme a-t-il jou\u00e9 dans la philosophie fran\u00e7aise, de Descartes \u00e0 aujourd'hui ? D\u00e9couvrez ses impacts r\u00e9volutionnaires."],"rank_math_focus_keyword":[""],"_thumbnail_id":["7079"],"_last_translation_edit_mode":["translation-editor"],"_wpml_word_count":["1281"],"rank_math_primary_category":["71"],"_uagb_toc_options":["a:2:{s:17:\"_uagb_toc_version\";s:10:\"1778168533\";s:18:\"_uagb_toc_headings\";a:4:{i:0;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:82:\"l\u00e9mergence-du-doute-descartes-et-le-d\u00e9but-de-la-philosophie-sceptique-fran\u00e7aise\";s:7:\"content\";s:85:\"L'\u00e9mergence du doute : Descartes et le d\u00e9but de la philosophie sceptique fran\u00e7aise\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}i:1;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:68:\"montaigne-et-le-pyrrhonisme-lincertitude-et-la-critique-rationaliste\";s:7:\"content\";s:71:\"Montaigne et le pyrrhonisme : L'incertitude et la critique rationaliste\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}i:2;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:75:\"lapog\u00e9e-du-scepticisme-durant-les-lumi\u00e8res-entre-raison-et-questionnement\";s:7:\"content\";s:78:\"L'apog\u00e9e du scepticisme durant les Lumi\u00e8res : Entre raison et questionnement\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}i:3;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:70:\"impact-moderne-le-scepticisme-dans-la-pens\u00e9e-contemporaine-fran\u00e7aise\";s:7:\"content\";s:72:\"Impact moderne : Le scepticisme dans la pens\u00e9e contemporaine fran\u00e7aise\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-7078.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-7078.js"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:18422:\"\ufeff.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__wrap{display:inline-block;max-width:-moz-available;max-width:-webkit-fill-available;max-width:fill-available}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents li.uagb-toc__list{padding-top:10px}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ul.uagb-toc__list,.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ol.uagb-toc__list{list-style-position:inside;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:2.2em}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ul.uagb-toc__list li,.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ol.uagb-toc__list li{margin:0}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ul li:empty{display:none}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__title-wrap{display:flex;align-items:center}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__title{display:flex;align-items:center}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__is-collapsible.uagb-toc__title-wrap{cursor:pointer}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uag-toc__collapsible-wrap svg{width:20px;height:20px}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents svg{width:20px;height:20px;display:inline-block;margin-left:10px;cursor:pointer}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uag-toc__collapsible-wrap{display:flex;margin-left:10px;cursor:pointer}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse .uagb-toc__list-wrap{display:none}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ul.uagb-toc__list,.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ol.uagb-toc__list{padding-left:2px}ol.uagb-toc__list li.uagb-toc__list ul,ol.uagb-toc__list ul.uagb-toc__list ul{list-style-type:circle}ol.uagb-toc__list>ul,ol.uagb-toc__list>li{list-style-type:disc}.uagb-toc__scroll-top{position:fixed;right:50px;bottom:50px;display:none;padding:10px;background:#ccd0d4;cursor:pointer;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.8571428571}.uagb-toc__scroll-top svg{width:1.6em;height:.6em;margin-left:0;transform:translate(0, -20%) rotate(180deg);fill:currentColor}.uagb-toc__scroll-top.uagb-toc__show-scroll{display:inline-table}body[class*=astra] .uagb-toc__list{line-height:normal}.uagb-toc__list{margin-top:0}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ol.uagb-toc__list li.uagb-toc__list.uagb-toc__list--expandable{list-style-type:none !important}ul.uagb-toc__list--child-of-closed-list{padding-top:0 !important}ul.uagb-toc__list--hidden-child{display:none !important}.list-open::before,.list-collapsed::before{content:\"\u25bc\"\/\"\";transition:transform .3s ease;transform:scale(0.7) translateX(-50%);display:inline-block}.list-collapsed::before{transform:scale(0.7) rotate(-90deg) translate(-84%, 6%)}span.list-open,span.list-collapsed{cursor:pointer;outline:none !important}.uagb-toc__list.transition{transition:max-height 300ms ease-in-out,padding-top 300ms ease-in-out}.uagb-toc__loader{border:2px solid #f3f3f3;border-top:2px solid #0073aa;border-radius:50%;width:20px;height:20px;animation:spin 1.1s linear infinite;display:block;position:absolute;margin-top:5px}.uagb-toc__list-hidden{opacity:0}@keyframes spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}[dir=rtl] .list-open::before{transform:scale(0.7) translateX(50%)}[dir=rtl] .list-collapsed::before{transform:scale(0.7) rotate(90deg) translate(84%, 6%)}[dir=rtl] .wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ul.uagb-toc__list,[dir=rtl] .wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ol.uagb-toc__list{padding-left:0;padding-right:2px;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.2em}.wp-block-uagb-container{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;transition-property:box-shadow;transition-duration:.2s;transition-timing-function:ease}.wp-block-uagb-container .spectra-container-link-overlay{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:10}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-blockquote,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-login,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-register{margin:unset}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap{height:100%;width:100%;top:0;left:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:opacity 1s;-o-transition:opacity 1s;transition:opacity 1s}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;line-height:1;border:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;background-size:cover}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid{display:grid;width:100%}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;width:inherit}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignwide.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-info-box),body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap,body .wp-block-uagb-container>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-container-link-overlay):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-lottie):not(.uagb-faq__outer-wrap){min-width:unset !important;width:100%;position:relative}body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container ol,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap ol{max-width:-webkit-fill-available;margin-block-start:0;margin-block-end:0;margin-left:20px}.ast-plain-container .editor-styles-wrapper .block-editor-block-list__layout.is-root-container .uagb-is-root-container.wp-block-uagb-container.alignwide{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.uagb-container__shape{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;line-height:0;direction:ltr}.uagb-container__shape-top{top:-3px}.uagb-container__shape-bottom{bottom:-3px}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-bottom,.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-top{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-flip svg{transform:translateX(-50%) rotateY(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape svg{display:block;width:-webkit-calc(100% + 1.3px);width:calc(100% + 1.3px);position:relative;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}.uagb-container__shape .uagb-container__shape-fill{-webkit-transform-origin:center;-ms-transform-origin:center;transform-origin:center;-webkit-transform:rotateY(0deg);transform:rotateY(0deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-above-content{z-index:9;pointer-events:none}.nv-single-page-wrap .nv-content-wrap.entry-content .wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw)}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading{width:-webkit-fill-available}}.wp-block-uagb-image--align-none{justify-content:center}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h1,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h2,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h3,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h4,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h5,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h6,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading p,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading div{word-break:break-word}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-heading-text{margin:0}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin:0}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-separator{font-size:0;border-top-style:solid;display:inline-block;margin:0 0 10px 0}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{color:#f78a0c;border:0;transition:all .3s ease}.uag-highlight-toolbar{border-left:0;border-top:0;border-bottom:0;border-radius:0;border-right-color:#1e1e1e}.uag-highlight-toolbar .components-button{border-radius:0;outline:none}.uag-highlight-toolbar .components-button.is-primary{color:#fff}.uagb-block-592a180d.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents{text-align: center;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap li a{color: var(u002du002dast-global-color-1);}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap .uagb-toc__title-wrap{justify-content: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap .uagb-toc__title{color: var(u002du002dast-global-color-0);justify-content: space-between;cursor: pointer;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap{border-top-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-left-radius: 6px;border-top-right-radius: 6px;border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;border-color: #333;border-style: solid;padding-left: 30px;padding-right: 30px;padding-top: 30px;padding-bottom: 30px;background: rgba(237,237,237,0.65);width: 100%;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap{column-count: 1;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap > ul.uagb-toc__list > li:first-child{padding-top: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol.uagb-toc__list:first-child{margin-left: 30px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul.uagb-toc__list:last-child > li:last-child{padding-bottom: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list{list-style-type: none !important;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list .uagb-toc__list{list-style-type: none !important;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__title{font-family: \"Lato\";font-weight: 600;font-size: 30px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li a{font-family: \"Lato\";text-decoration: none;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape-top svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-top .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape-bottom svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-bottom .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__video-wrap video{opacity: 1;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-2dc29879{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879{box-shadow: 0px 4px 12px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.16) ;padding-top: 3%;padding-bottom: 2%;padding-left: 2%;padding-right: 2%;margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;overflow: visible;order: initial;border-top-left-radius: 6px;border-top-right-radius: 6px;border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;border-color: inherit;background: linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(67,51,97,0.03) 0%,rgba(67,51,97,0.17) 100%);;background-clip: padding-box;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;justify-content: center;flex-wrap: nowrap;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;max-width: 100% !important;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {margin-bottom: 0%;margin-left: 2%;padding-top: 2px;padding-right: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;padding-left: 0px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin-bottom: 15px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{font-style: normal;font-weight: Default;background: #007cba;color: #fff;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::-moz-selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09 .uagb-heading-text{font-family: \"Lato\";font-weight: 700;font-size: 21px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__title{font-size: 22px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap{border-style: solid;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol.uagb-toc__list:first-child{margin-left: 15px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap{column-count: 1;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap > ul.uagb-toc__list > li:first-child{padding-top: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul.uagb-toc__list:last-child > li:last-child{padding-bottom: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li a{font-size: 18px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-2dc29879{width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879{padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 2px;padding-left: 2px;padding-right: 2px;margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;order: initial;background: linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(67,51,97,0.03) 0%,rgba(67,51,97,0.17) 100%);;background-clip: padding-box;max-width: !important;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {padding-top: 2%;padding-right: 2%;padding-bottom: 2%;padding-left: 0%;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap{border-style: solid;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol.uagb-toc__list:first-child{margin-left: 0px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap{column-count: 1;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap > ul.uagb-toc__list > li:first-child{padding-top: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul.uagb-toc__list:last-child > li:last-child{padding-bottom: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li a{font-size: 18px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-2dc29879{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879{padding-top: 3%;padding-bottom: 2%;padding-left: 2%;padding-right: 2%;margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;order: initial;background: linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(67,51,97,0.03) 0%,rgba(67,51,97,0.17) 100%);;background-clip: padding-box;flex-wrap: wrap;max-width: 100% !important;}}.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media(max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media(max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important}}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {margin-bottom: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin-bottom: 15px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{font-style: normal;font-weight: Default;background: #007cba;color: #fff;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::-moz-selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747 .uagb-heading-text{font-family: \"Lato\";font-size: 25px;line-height: 1.1em;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747 .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 27px;line-height: 1.2em;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747 .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 25px;line-height: 1.2em;}}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {margin-bottom: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin-bottom: 15px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{font-style: normal;font-weight: Default;background: #007cba;color: #fff;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::-moz-selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e .uagb-heading-text{font-family: \"Lato\";font-size: 21px;line-height: 1.1em;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 27px;line-height: 1.2em;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 25px;line-height: 1.2em;}}\";s:2:\"js\";s:385:\"document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function(){ window.addEventListener( 'load', function(){\n\tUAGBTableOfContents._run( {\"mappingHeaders\":[false,true,true,true,true,true],\"scrollToTop\":false,\"makeCollapsible\":true,\"enableCollapsableList\":false,\"initialCollapse\":true,\"markerView\":\"decimal\",\"isFrontend\":true,\"initiallyCollapseList\":false}, '.uagb-block-592a180d' );\n} );\n });\";s:18:\"current_block_list\";a:11:{i:0;s:22:\"uagb\/table-of-contents\";i:1;s:14:\"uagb\/container\";i:2;s:21:\"uagb\/advanced-heading\";i:3;s:14:\"core\/shortcode\";i:4;s:11:\"core\/search\";i:5;s:10:\"core\/group\";i:6;s:17:\"core\/latest-posts\";i:8;s:12:\"core\/heading\";i:9;s:20:\"core\/latest-comments\";i:11;s:13:\"core\/archives\";i:12;s:15:\"core\/categories\";}s:8:\"uag_flag\";b:1;s:11:\"uag_version\";s:10:\"1778168533\";s:6:\"gfonts\";a:1:{s:4:\"Lato\";a:2:{s:10:\"fontfamily\";s:4:\"Lato\";s:12:\"fontvariants\";a:2:{i:0;s:3:\"600\";i:1;s:3:\"700\";}}}s:10:\"gfonts_url\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"gfonts_files\";a:0:{}s:14:\"uag_faq_layout\";b:0;}"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/escepticismo-tradicion-filosofica-francesa.webp",1080,617,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/escepticismo-tradicion-filosofica-francesa-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/escepticismo-tradicion-filosofica-francesa-300x171.webp",300,171,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/escepticismo-tradicion-filosofica-francesa-768x439.webp",768,439,true],"large":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/escepticismo-tradicion-filosofica-francesa-1024x585.webp",1024,585,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/escepticismo-tradicion-filosofica-francesa.webp",1080,617,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/escepticismo-tradicion-filosofica-francesa.webp",1080,617,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Mica\u00ebl Girondin","author_link":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/aut\/micael-girondin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Quel r\u00f4le le scepticisme a-t-il jou\u00e9 dans la philosophie fran\u00e7aise, de Descartes \u00e0 aujourd'hui ? D\u00e9couvrez ses impacts r\u00e9volutionnaires.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7078"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7078\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}