{"id":2363,"date":"2024-09-03T12:49:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T10:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/biographie-gustave-flaubert-jeunesse-influences-eveil-litteraire\/"},"modified":"2024-09-04T12:49:00","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T10:49:00","slug":"biographie-gustave-flaubert-jeunesse-influences-eveil-litteraire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/biographie-gustave-flaubert-jeunesse-influences-eveil-litteraire\/","title":{"rendered":"Biographie de Gustave Flaubert : jeunesse, influences et \u00e9veil litt\u00e9raire"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gustave Flaubert, ma\u00eetre du r\u00e9alisme litt\u00e9raire, est n\u00e9 \u00e0 Rouen, une ville qui a profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 son esprit cr\u00e9atif. Son parcours vers une maturit\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 model\u00e9 par ses lectures inspirantes et des rencontres d\u00e9terminantes lors de ses \u00e9tudes \u00e0 Paris. Ce voyage formateur a jet\u00e9 les bases de ses premi\u00e8res \u0153uvres majeures, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant un \u00e9crivain en qu\u00eate de perfection stylistique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIndex\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
  1. Les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es : une enfance \u00e0 Rouen<\/a>
  2. Influences et inspirations : les lectures formatrices de Flaubert<\/a>
  3. Les \u00e9tudes \u00e0 Paris : un \u00e9veil litt\u00e9raire<\/a>
  4. Les rencontres d\u00e9cisives : amiti\u00e9s et mentors dans le parcours de Flaubert<\/a>
  5. Vers la maturit\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire : premi\u00e8res \u0153uvres et reconnaissances<\/a><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t

    Les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es : une enfance \u00e0 Rouen<\/h2>\n\n

    Gustave Flaubert a pass\u00e9 son enfance dans la charmante ville de Rouen<\/strong>, capitale de la Normandie, o\u00f9 il est n\u00e9 en 1821. Ce cadre provincial, bien que parfois per\u00e7u comme limit\u00e9, a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le essentiel dans sa vie et sa carri\u00e8re litt\u00e9raire. Entour\u00e9 par la tranquillit\u00e9 de la campagne normande, Flaubert a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un imaginaire riche et vari\u00e9, aliment\u00e9 par les histoires que racontaient les habitants et les paysages pittoresques qui l’entouraient.<\/p>\n\n

    La maison familiale, situ\u00e9e tout pr\u00e8s de l’h\u00f4pital o\u00f9 son p\u00e8re travaillait comme chirurgien-chef, \u00e9tait un lieu anim\u00e9 o\u00f9 diverses discussions intellectuelles prenaient place. Ces conversations ont probablement marqu\u00e9 l’esprit du jeune Flaubert, \u00e9veillant en lui une curiosit\u00e9 pour le monde litt\u00e9raire<\/strong> et un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour l’observation minutieuse de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. De plus, ses jeux d’enfant \u00e0 travers les champs et le Vieux March\u00e9 de Rouen ont nourri son d\u00e9sir d’\u00e9crire sur le monde r\u00e9el avec pr\u00e9cision et sensibilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

    Durant ces ann\u00e9es formatrices, Flaubert s’est impr\u00e9gn\u00e9 d’anecdotes locales et de l\u00e9gendes m\u00e9di\u00e9vales, qui deviendront des sources d’inspiration pour ses \u0153uvres futures. Ces r\u00e9cits nourrissaient ses r\u00eaves, tout en lui donnant un ancrage aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s historiques de la r\u00e9gion. Ainsi, bien que Rouen f\u00fbt un cadre provincial, elle s’est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e \u00eatre un terreau fertile pour le jeune \u00e9crivain, lui permettant de fourbir ses armes litt\u00e9raires d\u00e8s ses premiers jours. L’impact de son enfance<\/strong> et de son environnement normand serait ind\u00e9niable dans sa qu\u00eate d’un r\u00e9alisme litt\u00e9raire authentique.<\/p>

    Influences et inspirations : les lectures formatrices de Flaubert<\/h2>\n\n

    Gustave Flaubert, dont l’\u00e2me litt\u00e9raire a \u00e9t\u00e9 nourrie par une myriade d’ouvrages, se plongeait dans la lecture d\u00e8s son plus jeune \u00e2ge. Ses parents, reconnaissant sa soif de savoir, lui permettaient en effet de fouiller la vaste biblioth\u00e8que familiale. Parmi les lectures qui ont \u00e9veill\u00e9 son esprit, on retrouve les \u00e9crits de Chateaubriand<\/strong>, dont le romantisme et la profondeur ont su captiver le jeune Flaubert. Ces \u0153uvres ont non seulement influenc\u00e9 son style, mais aussi sa perception de la complexit\u00e9 humaine.<\/p>\n\n

    Outre Chateaubriand, Flaubert fut \u00e9galement marqu\u00e9 par la prose r\u00e9aliste de Balzac<\/strong>. Ce dernier, par ses descriptions minutieuses de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise, a offert \u00e0 Flaubert un mod\u00e8le de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 et de r\u00e9alisme qu’il ch\u00e9rira tout au long de sa carri\u00e8re. Balzac lui a appris l’importance de peindre la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sans fioritures, et d’explorer les subtilit\u00e9s de la nature humaine.<\/p>\n\n

    Victor Hugo, autre pilier de son panth\u00e9on litt\u00e9raire, l’a conduit \u00e0 comprendre la puissance de la narration et de la structure dramatique. Flaubert admirait notamment la mani\u00e8re dont Hugo soignait le d\u00e9veloppement psychologique de ses personnages. Cette immersion dans les classiques du XIXe si\u00e8cle a permis \u00e0 Flaubert de forger un style unique, m\u00e9lange subtil de r\u00e9alisme<\/strong> et de romantisme, posant les bases d’une \u0153uvre litt\u00e9raire in\u00e9gal\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n

    Ces influences litt\u00e9raires, pour Flaubert, n’\u00e9taient pas de simples lectures mais de v\u00e9ritables compagnons de route qui lui ont ouvert le chemin vers son propre g\u00e9nie. Ainsi, ce sont ces interactions litt\u00e9raires qui ont en grande partie sculpt\u00e9 l’identit\u00e9 de l’\u00e9crivain en qu\u00eate de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et de perfection formelle.<\/p>\n

    \n

    \"Atlangue\u00a0\u00a0Vous pouvez \u00e9galement \u00eatre int\u00e9ress\u00e9 par la consultation :<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n

    Les \u00e9tudes \u00e0 Paris : un \u00e9veil litt\u00e9raire<\/h2>\n\n

    Gustave Flaubert, quittant sa Normandie natale, arrive \u00e0 Paris alors qu’il est encore jeune, une \u00e9poque propice au d\u00e9veloppement de son identit\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire. La capitale fran\u00e7aise, d\u00e9j\u00e0 affubl\u00e9e du titre de centre n\u00e9vralgique de la litt\u00e9rature<\/strong> et de l’art, offre un \u00e9ventail impressionnant d’activit\u00e9s culturelles et intellectuelles auxquelles Flaubert n’h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 participer. Plong\u00e9 dans l’effervescence parisienne, il se frotte aux id\u00e9es nouvelles et aux incessantes discussions litt\u00e9raires qui nourrissent son intellect et aiguisent sa plume.<\/p>\n\n

    \u00c0 l’universit\u00e9<\/strong>, bien que peu enthousiaste \u00e0 l’id\u00e9e de suivre un parcours scolaire traditionnel en droit, Flaubert trouve sa v\u00e9ritable vocation dans la qu\u00eate de la beaut\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire et du style parfait. Les cours deviennent alors pour lui une opportunit\u00e9 de se consacrer \u00e0 l’\u00e9criture, son v\u00e9ritable amour, tout en explorant les nombreuses biblioth\u00e8ques de la ville. Paris lui permet non seulement d’\u00e9tendre ses connaissances, mais aussi d’ouvrir son esprit \u00e0 un monde d’id\u00e9es et de concepts innovants.<\/p>\n\n

    Les salons litt\u00e9raires, o\u00f9 il rencontre de nombreux \u00e9crivains et penseurs de son temps, constituent des lieux privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s pour forger ses opinions et d\u00e9velopper son r\u00e9seau d’influences. Ces ann\u00e9es pass\u00e9es \u00e0 Paris marquent un tournant d\u00e9cisif dans sa carri\u00e8re, confirmant son d\u00e9sir de devenir un auteur accompli. C’est dans ce cadre urbain stimulant que les premi\u00e8res esquisses de ses \u0153uvres futures commencent \u00e0 se dessiner, mettant en lumi\u00e8re un talent irr\u00e9futable pour la narration et l’analyse sociale.<\/p>

    Les rencontres d\u00e9cisives : amiti\u00e9s et mentors dans le parcours de Flaubert<\/h2>\n\n

    Au fil de sa jeunesse et de sa formation, Gustave Flaubert a eu la chance de nouer des relations influentes qui ont marqu\u00e9 son destin litt\u00e9raire. Parmi ces rencontres, l’amiti\u00e9 avec Maxime Du Camp<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 essentielle. Maxime, un \u00e9crivain et photographe passionn\u00e9, a non seulement encourag\u00e9 Flaubert \u00e0 poursuivre son \u00e9criture, mais a aussi voyag\u00e9 avec lui au Moyen-Orient, nourrissant l\u2019imaginaire et le sens du d\u00e9tail de Flaubert. Ces aventures communes ont renforc\u00e9 leur lien et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 une source d’inspiration pour Flaubert, notamment dans la r\u00e9daction de son roman Madame Bovary<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n

    Une autre figure cl\u00e9 dans le parcours de Flaubert fut Louis Bouilhet<\/strong>, po\u00e8te et dramaturge. Bouilhet, dont l’\u0153uvre et la personnalit\u00e9 ont profond\u00e9ment influenc\u00e9 Flaubert, jouait souvent le r\u00f4le de critique attentif de ses textes en cours. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses conseils avis\u00e9s et \u00e0 son franc-parler, Bouilhet a aid\u00e9 Flaubert \u00e0 polir son style et \u00e0 affiner son art. Leur relation, bas\u00e9e sur une admiration mutuelle et une confiance absolue, a permis \u00e0 Flaubert de d\u00e9velopper une sensibilit\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire in\u00e9gal\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n

    Enfin, on ne saurait oublier sa relation avec George Sand, c\u00e9l\u00e8bre romanci\u00e8re du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Leurs \u00e9changes \u00e9pistolaires, riches et empreints d’une grande complicit\u00e9 intellectuelle, ont permis \u00e0 Flaubert de confronter ses id\u00e9es et d’approfondir sa compr\u00e9hension du m\u00e9tier d’\u00e9crivain<\/strong>. Ces mentors et amis ont offert \u00e0 Flaubert un soutien inestimable, fa\u00e7onnant son parcours litt\u00e9raire d’une mani\u00e8re qu’il n’aurait jamais pu imaginer seul. Leur influence a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9terminante pour faire \u00e9clore son talent et pour le guider sur le chemin de la reconnaissance litt\u00e9raire.<\/p>

    Vers la maturit\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire : premi\u00e8res \u0153uvres et reconnaissances<\/h2>\n\n

    La maturit\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire de Gustave Flaubert s’est progressivement d\u00e9finie avec la publication de ses premi\u00e8res grandes \u0153uvres, qui ont suscit\u00e9 l’admiration et la critique. L’ann\u00e9e 1857 marque un tournant d\u00e9cisif avec le roman Madame Bovary<\/strong>, une \u0153uvre magistrale qui d\u00e9peint avec une pr\u00e9cision troublante la vie d’une femme insatisfaite des conventions bourgeoises. Cette publication, bien que controvers\u00e9e en raison de son r\u00e9alisme brut, a jet\u00e9 les bases de sa notori\u00e9t\u00e9 en France et \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n

    Le chemin vers la reconnaissance ne fut pas simple, mais son talent ind\u00e9niable pour le d\u00e9tail et la construction narrative ne passa pas inaper\u00e7u. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce roman, Flaubert a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 montrer son habilet\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9voquer les complexit\u00e9s de l’esprit humain et les subtilit\u00e9s de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de son temps. Le succ\u00e8s de Madame Bovary a \u00e9t\u00e9 suivi par d’autres \u0153uvres importantes telles que Salammb\u00f4<\/strong> en 1862, qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le son int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les th\u00e8mes historiques et exotiques.<\/p>\n\n

    Dans les ann\u00e9es qui suivirent, Flaubert continua d’\u00e9largir son registre litt\u00e9raire avec des titres comme L’\u00c9ducation sentimentale<\/strong> en 1869, montrant sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 capturer les sc\u00e8nes de la vie quotidienne et les \u00e9motions humaines avec une intensit\u00e9 unique. Ce parcours vers la maturit\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire a \u00e9t\u00e9 jalonn\u00e9 de critiques litt\u00e9raires positives qui ont reconnu son style inimitable et son d\u00e9vouement \u00e0 la perfection narrative, confirmant ainsi sa place parmi les auteurs les plus influents de son \u00e9poque.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Comment la jeunesse de Flaubert a-t-elle fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 son g\u00e9nie litt\u00e9raire ? Plongeons dans ses d\u00e9buts, ses inspirations et son \u00e9veil \u00e0 Paris.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,117,118],"tags":[206],"class_list":["post-2363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auteurs","category-culture-francaise","category-litterature","tag-gustave-flaubert-2"],"spectra_custom_meta":{"_wp_page_template":["default"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_title":["Biographie de Gustave Flaubert : jeunesse, influences et \u00e9veil litt\u00e9raire"],"rank_math_description":["Comment la jeunesse de Flaubert a-t-elle fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 son g\u00e9nie litt\u00e9raire ? Plongeons dans ses d\u00e9buts, ses inspirations et son \u00e9veil \u00e0 Paris."],"rank_math_focus_keyword":[""],"_thumbnail_id":["2364"],"_last_translation_edit_mode":["translation-editor"],"_wpml_word_count":["1556"],"rank_math_primary_category":["78"],"_uagb_toc_options":["a:2:{s:17:\"_uagb_toc_version\";s:10:\"1778168533\";s:18:\"_uagb_toc_headings\";a:5:{i:0;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:43:\"les-premi\u00e8res-ann\u00e9es-une-enfance-\u00e0-rouen\";s:7:\"content\";s:45:\"Les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es : une enfance \u00e0 Rouen\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}i:1;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:63:\"influences-et-inspirations-les-lectures-formatrices-de-flaubert\";s:7:\"content\";s:65:\"Influences et inspirations : les lectures formatrices de Flaubert\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}i:2;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:42:\"les-\u00e9tudes-\u00e0-paris-un-\u00e9veil-litt\u00e9raire\";s:7:\"content\";s:44:\"Les \u00e9tudes \u00e0 Paris : un \u00e9veil litt\u00e9raire\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}i:3;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:74:\"les-rencontres-d\u00e9cisives-amiti\u00e9s-et-mentors-dans-le-parcours-de-flaubert\";s:7:\"content\";s:76:\"Les rencontres d\u00e9cisives : amiti\u00e9s et mentors dans le parcours de Flaubert\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}i:4;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:67:\"vers-la-maturit\u00e9-litt\u00e9raire-premi\u00e8res-\u0153uvres-et-reconnaissances\";s:7:\"content\";s:69:\"Vers la maturit\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire : premi\u00e8res \u0153uvres et reconnaissances\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-2363.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-2363.js"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:18422:\"\ufeff.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__wrap{display:inline-block;max-width:-moz-available;max-width:-webkit-fill-available;max-width:fill-available}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents li.uagb-toc__list{padding-top:10px}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ul.uagb-toc__list,.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ol.uagb-toc__list{list-style-position:inside;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:2.2em}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ul.uagb-toc__list li,.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ol.uagb-toc__list li{margin:0}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ul li:empty{display:none}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__title-wrap{display:flex;align-items:center}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__title{display:flex;align-items:center}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__is-collapsible.uagb-toc__title-wrap{cursor:pointer}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uag-toc__collapsible-wrap svg{width:20px;height:20px}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents svg{width:20px;height:20px;display:inline-block;margin-left:10px;cursor:pointer}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uag-toc__collapsible-wrap{display:flex;margin-left:10px;cursor:pointer}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse .uagb-toc__list-wrap{display:none}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ul.uagb-toc__list,.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ol.uagb-toc__list{padding-left:2px}ol.uagb-toc__list li.uagb-toc__list ul,ol.uagb-toc__list ul.uagb-toc__list ul{list-style-type:circle}ol.uagb-toc__list>ul,ol.uagb-toc__list>li{list-style-type:disc}.uagb-toc__scroll-top{position:fixed;right:50px;bottom:50px;display:none;padding:10px;background:#ccd0d4;cursor:pointer;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.8571428571}.uagb-toc__scroll-top svg{width:1.6em;height:.6em;margin-left:0;transform:translate(0, -20%) rotate(180deg);fill:currentColor}.uagb-toc__scroll-top.uagb-toc__show-scroll{display:inline-table}body[class*=astra] .uagb-toc__list{line-height:normal}.uagb-toc__list{margin-top:0}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ol.uagb-toc__list li.uagb-toc__list.uagb-toc__list--expandable{list-style-type:none !important}ul.uagb-toc__list--child-of-closed-list{padding-top:0 !important}ul.uagb-toc__list--hidden-child{display:none !important}.list-open::before,.list-collapsed::before{content:\"\u25bc\"\/\"\";transition:transform .3s ease;transform:scale(0.7) translateX(-50%);display:inline-block}.list-collapsed::before{transform:scale(0.7) rotate(-90deg) translate(-84%, 6%)}span.list-open,span.list-collapsed{cursor:pointer;outline:none !important}.uagb-toc__list.transition{transition:max-height 300ms ease-in-out,padding-top 300ms ease-in-out}.uagb-toc__loader{border:2px solid #f3f3f3;border-top:2px solid #0073aa;border-radius:50%;width:20px;height:20px;animation:spin 1.1s linear infinite;display:block;position:absolute;margin-top:5px}.uagb-toc__list-hidden{opacity:0}@keyframes spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}[dir=rtl] .list-open::before{transform:scale(0.7) translateX(50%)}[dir=rtl] .list-collapsed::before{transform:scale(0.7) rotate(90deg) translate(84%, 6%)}[dir=rtl] .wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ul.uagb-toc__list,[dir=rtl] .wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ol.uagb-toc__list{padding-left:0;padding-right:2px;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.2em}.wp-block-uagb-container{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;transition-property:box-shadow;transition-duration:.2s;transition-timing-function:ease}.wp-block-uagb-container .spectra-container-link-overlay{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:10}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-blockquote,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-login,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-register{margin:unset}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap{height:100%;width:100%;top:0;left:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:opacity 1s;-o-transition:opacity 1s;transition:opacity 1s}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;line-height:1;border:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;background-size:cover}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid{display:grid;width:100%}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;width:inherit}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignwide.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-info-box),body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap,body .wp-block-uagb-container>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-container-link-overlay):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-lottie):not(.uagb-faq__outer-wrap){min-width:unset !important;width:100%;position:relative}body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container ol,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap ol{max-width:-webkit-fill-available;margin-block-start:0;margin-block-end:0;margin-left:20px}.ast-plain-container .editor-styles-wrapper .block-editor-block-list__layout.is-root-container .uagb-is-root-container.wp-block-uagb-container.alignwide{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.uagb-container__shape{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;line-height:0;direction:ltr}.uagb-container__shape-top{top:-3px}.uagb-container__shape-bottom{bottom:-3px}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-bottom,.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-top{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-flip svg{transform:translateX(-50%) rotateY(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape svg{display:block;width:-webkit-calc(100% + 1.3px);width:calc(100% + 1.3px);position:relative;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}.uagb-container__shape .uagb-container__shape-fill{-webkit-transform-origin:center;-ms-transform-origin:center;transform-origin:center;-webkit-transform:rotateY(0deg);transform:rotateY(0deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-above-content{z-index:9;pointer-events:none}.nv-single-page-wrap .nv-content-wrap.entry-content .wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw)}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading{width:-webkit-fill-available}}.wp-block-uagb-image--align-none{justify-content:center}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h1,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h2,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h3,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h4,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h5,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h6,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading p,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading div{word-break:break-word}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-heading-text{margin:0}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin:0}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-separator{font-size:0;border-top-style:solid;display:inline-block;margin:0 0 10px 0}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{color:#f78a0c;border:0;transition:all .3s ease}.uag-highlight-toolbar{border-left:0;border-top:0;border-bottom:0;border-radius:0;border-right-color:#1e1e1e}.uag-highlight-toolbar .components-button{border-radius:0;outline:none}.uag-highlight-toolbar .components-button.is-primary{color:#fff}.uagb-block-592a180d.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents{text-align: center;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap li a{color: var(u002du002dast-global-color-1);}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap .uagb-toc__title-wrap{justify-content: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap .uagb-toc__title{color: var(u002du002dast-global-color-0);justify-content: space-between;cursor: pointer;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap{border-top-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-left-radius: 6px;border-top-right-radius: 6px;border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;border-color: #333;border-style: solid;padding-left: 30px;padding-right: 30px;padding-top: 30px;padding-bottom: 30px;background: rgba(237,237,237,0.65);width: 100%;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap{column-count: 1;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap > ul.uagb-toc__list > li:first-child{padding-top: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol.uagb-toc__list:first-child{margin-left: 30px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul.uagb-toc__list:last-child > li:last-child{padding-bottom: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list{list-style-type: none !important;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list .uagb-toc__list{list-style-type: none !important;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__title{font-family: \"Lato\";font-weight: 600;font-size: 30px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li a{font-family: \"Lato\";text-decoration: none;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape-top svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-top .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape-bottom svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-bottom .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__video-wrap video{opacity: 1;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-2dc29879{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879{box-shadow: 0px 4px 12px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.16) ;padding-top: 3%;padding-bottom: 2%;padding-left: 2%;padding-right: 2%;margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;overflow: visible;order: initial;border-top-left-radius: 6px;border-top-right-radius: 6px;border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;border-color: inherit;background: linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(67,51,97,0.03) 0%,rgba(67,51,97,0.17) 100%);;background-clip: padding-box;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;justify-content: center;flex-wrap: nowrap;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;max-width: 100% !important;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {margin-bottom: 0%;margin-left: 2%;padding-top: 2px;padding-right: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;padding-left: 0px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin-bottom: 15px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{font-style: normal;font-weight: Default;background: #007cba;color: #fff;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::-moz-selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09 .uagb-heading-text{font-family: \"Lato\";font-weight: 700;font-size: 21px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__title{font-size: 22px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap{border-style: solid;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol.uagb-toc__list:first-child{margin-left: 15px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap{column-count: 1;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap > ul.uagb-toc__list > li:first-child{padding-top: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul.uagb-toc__list:last-child > li:last-child{padding-bottom: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li a{font-size: 18px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-2dc29879{width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879{padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 2px;padding-left: 2px;padding-right: 2px;margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;order: initial;background: linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(67,51,97,0.03) 0%,rgba(67,51,97,0.17) 100%);;background-clip: padding-box;max-width: !important;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {padding-top: 2%;padding-right: 2%;padding-bottom: 2%;padding-left: 0%;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap{border-style: solid;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol.uagb-toc__list:first-child{margin-left: 0px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap{column-count: 1;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap > ul.uagb-toc__list > li:first-child{padding-top: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul.uagb-toc__list:last-child > li:last-child{padding-bottom: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li a{font-size: 18px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-2dc29879{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879{padding-top: 3%;padding-bottom: 2%;padding-left: 2%;padding-right: 2%;margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;order: initial;background: linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(67,51,97,0.03) 0%,rgba(67,51,97,0.17) 100%);;background-clip: padding-box;flex-wrap: wrap;max-width: 100% !important;}}.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media(max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media(max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important}}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {margin-bottom: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin-bottom: 15px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{font-style: normal;font-weight: Default;background: #007cba;color: #fff;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::-moz-selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747 .uagb-heading-text{font-family: \"Lato\";font-size: 25px;line-height: 1.1em;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747 .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 27px;line-height: 1.2em;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747 .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 25px;line-height: 1.2em;}}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {margin-bottom: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin-bottom: 15px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{font-style: normal;font-weight: Default;background: #007cba;color: #fff;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::-moz-selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e .uagb-heading-text{font-family: \"Lato\";font-size: 21px;line-height: 1.1em;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 27px;line-height: 1.2em;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 25px;line-height: 1.2em;}}\";s:2:\"js\";s:385:\"document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function(){ window.addEventListener( 'load', function(){\n\tUAGBTableOfContents._run( {\"mappingHeaders\":[false,true,true,true,true,true],\"scrollToTop\":false,\"makeCollapsible\":true,\"enableCollapsableList\":false,\"initialCollapse\":true,\"markerView\":\"decimal\",\"isFrontend\":true,\"initiallyCollapseList\":false}, '.uagb-block-592a180d' );\n} );\n });\";s:18:\"current_block_list\";a:11:{i:0;s:22:\"uagb\/table-of-contents\";i:1;s:14:\"uagb\/container\";i:2;s:21:\"uagb\/advanced-heading\";i:3;s:14:\"core\/shortcode\";i:4;s:11:\"core\/search\";i:5;s:10:\"core\/group\";i:6;s:17:\"core\/latest-posts\";i:8;s:12:\"core\/heading\";i:9;s:20:\"core\/latest-comments\";i:11;s:13:\"core\/archives\";i:12;s:15:\"core\/categories\";}s:8:\"uag_flag\";b:1;s:11:\"uag_version\";s:10:\"1778168533\";s:6:\"gfonts\";a:1:{s:4:\"Lato\";a:2:{s:10:\"fontfamily\";s:4:\"Lato\";s:12:\"fontvariants\";a:2:{i:0;s:3:\"600\";i:1;s:3:\"700\";}}}s:10:\"gfonts_url\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"gfonts_files\";a:0:{}s:14:\"uag_faq_layout\";b:0;}"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/biografia-gustave-flaubert-juventud-formacion-literaria.webp",1080,617,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/biografia-gustave-flaubert-juventud-formacion-literaria-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/biografia-gustave-flaubert-juventud-formacion-literaria-300x171.webp",300,171,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/biografia-gustave-flaubert-juventud-formacion-literaria-768x439.webp",768,439,true],"large":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/biografia-gustave-flaubert-juventud-formacion-literaria-1024x585.webp",1024,585,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/biografia-gustave-flaubert-juventud-formacion-literaria.webp",1080,617,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/biografia-gustave-flaubert-juventud-formacion-literaria.webp",1080,617,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Mica\u00ebl Girondin","author_link":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/aut\/micael-girondin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Comment la jeunesse de Flaubert a-t-elle fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 son g\u00e9nie litt\u00e9raire ? Plongeons dans ses d\u00e9buts, ses inspirations et son \u00e9veil \u00e0 Paris.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2363"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2363\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}