{"id":2197,"date":"2025-04-17T10:22:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T08:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/revues-cercles-litteraires-france-xixe-siecle\/"},"modified":"2025-04-18T10:22:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T08:22:00","slug":"revues-cercles-litteraires-france-xixe-siecle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/revues-cercles-litteraires-france-xixe-siecle\/","title":{"rendered":"Revues et cercles litt\u00e9raires en France \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle en France, les revues litt\u00e9raires<\/strong> et cercles litt\u00e9raires<\/strong> \u00e9taient au c\u0153ur de la vie intellectuelle et artistique. Ces plateformes ont permis aux mouvements tels que le symbolisme<\/strong>, le naturalisme<\/strong> et le modernisme<\/strong> de s’\u00e9panouir, influen\u00e7ant profond\u00e9ment la culture litt\u00e9raire<\/strong> et esth\u00e9tique de l’\u00e9poque. En r\u00e9unissant des figures telles qu’\u00c9mile Zola, St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 et Paul Verlaine, ces cercles ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 une \u00e9poque marqu\u00e9e par une effervescence cr\u00e9ative sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIndex\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
  1. Le r\u00f4le crucial des cercles litt\u00e9raires \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/a>
  2. Symbolisme et modernisme : transformations dans les revues litt\u00e9raires<\/a>
  3. Personnalit\u00e9s cl\u00e9s des cercles litt\u00e9raires fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t

    Le r\u00f4le crucial des cercles litt\u00e9raires \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/h2>\n

    \u00c0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle, les cercles litt\u00e9raires<\/strong> jouaient un r\u00f4le central dans l’\u00e9panouissement de la vie intellectuelle en France. Ces groupes \u00e9taient des carrefours o\u00f9 les \u00e9crivains et penseurs se r\u00e9unissaient pour \u00e9changer des id\u00e9es, souvent dans des salons raffin\u00e9s \u00e0 Paris. De nombreux mouvements litt\u00e9raires ont \u00e9merg\u00e9 de ces cercles, contribuant \u00e0 l’\u00e9volution de la culture litt\u00e9raire<\/strong> du pays.<\/p>\n

    Les cercles litt\u00e9raires favorisaient l’innovation et la cr\u00e9ation, r\u00e9unissant des esprits brillants pour d\u00e9battre de sujets vari\u00e9s allant du symbolisme<\/strong> \u00e0 l’esth\u00e9tique du romantisme<\/strong>. Ces \u00e9changes enrichissaient non seulement les \u0153uvres individuelles, mais marquaient \u00e9galement les courants culturels de l’\u00e9poque. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des discussions anim\u00e9es et des critiques constructives, les auteurs pouvaient affiner leur style et \u00e9tendre leur influence.<\/p>\n

    Un exemple notable est le cercle des mardis de St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9, o\u00f9 se rassemblaient des figures importantes de la litt\u00e9rature et de l’art pour discuter de po\u00e9sie<\/strong> et de th\u00e9orie. Cette dynamique a permis de stimuler la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le de catalyseur pour les nouvelles id\u00e9es. Ainsi, les cercles litt\u00e9raires ont profond\u00e9ment fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 la litt\u00e9rature de la fin du si\u00e8cle, laissant une empreinte durable sur l’histoire litt\u00e9raire fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>

    Symbolisme et modernisme : transformations dans les revues litt\u00e9raires<\/h2>\n

    La fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par de profondes transformations dans les revues litt\u00e9raires<\/strong>, notamment gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’\u00e9mergence des mouvements symbolisme<\/strong> et modernisme<\/strong>. Ces courants ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 rompre avec les conventions \u00e9tablies, injectant une nouvelle vitalit\u00e9 et des id\u00e9es avant-gardistes dans la litt\u00e9rature<\/strong> de l’\u00e9poque. \u00c0 travers les pages des publications comme Le Mercure de France<\/strong>, les \u00e9crivains et po\u00e8tes ont trouv\u00e9 un terrain fertile pour exp\u00e9rimenter et diffuser leurs \u0153uvres visionnaires.<\/p>\n

    Le symbolisme s’est distingu\u00e9 par sa qu\u00eate de l’essence et du myst\u00e8re, privil\u00e9giant le flou et la suggestion plut\u00f4t que le r\u00e9alisme. Ce mouvement litt\u00e9raire a permis une grande libert\u00e9 cr\u00e9ative, influen\u00e7ant tant la po\u00e9sie<\/strong> que la prose. Paul Verlaine et Charles Baudelaire, par exemple, en sont devenus des figures embl\u00e9matiques, utilisant ces revues litt\u00e9raires comme plateformes d’expression.<\/p>\n

    En parall\u00e8le, le modernisme a ouvert la voie \u00e0 de nouveaux langages et styles, cherchant \u00e0 capturer l’acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du monde moderne et ses complexit\u00e9s. C’est dans ce climat de changement que des revues litt\u00e9raires ont non seulement ressorti comme des espaces d’innovation, mais se sont \u00e9galement \u00e9tablies comme des forces influentes modifiant les perceptions esth\u00e9tiques et narratives de la litt\u00e9rature de la France fin du si\u00e8cle<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n

    \"Atlangue\u00a0\u00a0Vous pouvez \u00e9galement \u00eatre int\u00e9ress\u00e9 par la consultation :<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n

    Personnalit\u00e9s cl\u00e9s des cercles litt\u00e9raires fran\u00e7ais<\/h2>\n

    \u00c0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle, les cercles litt\u00e9raires<\/strong> fran\u00e7ais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9s par des figures embl\u00e9matiques qui ont su marquer leur \u00e9poque. L’un des noms les plus influents est celui de \u00c9mile Zola<\/strong>, un \u00e9crivain inlassable d\u00e9fenseur du naturalisme, qui a su captiver son auditoire gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des \u0153uvres percutantes et engag\u00e9es. Sa participation aux discussions litt\u00e9raires a fortement influenc\u00e9 ses contemporains.<\/p>\n

    D’autres personnalit\u00e9s comme St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9<\/strong> ont red\u00e9fini les contours de la po\u00e9sie, en emmenant cette derni\u00e8re vers des horizons plus introspectifs et exp\u00e9rimentaux. Connu pour ses mardis \u00e0 domicile o\u00f9 il r\u00e9unissait les esprits les plus brillants de son temps, Mallarm\u00e9 a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le primordial dans l’\u00e9volution du symbolisme<\/strong>. \u00c0 ses c\u00f4t\u00e9s, Paul Verlaine<\/strong> reste une figure incontournable, dont l’influence s’est \u00e9tendue bien au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res de la France.<\/p>\n

    Enfin, des penseurs comme Henri Bergson<\/strong> ont d\u00e9fi\u00e9 les id\u00e9es conventionnelles, en explorant les liens entre la litt\u00e9rature et la philosophie, tandis que Charles Baudelaire<\/strong>, avec sa vision avant-gardiste, a ouvert la voie au modernisme<\/strong>. Ces personnalit\u00e9s majeures ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 un dialogue intellectuel vibrant, fa\u00e7onnant l’identit\u00e9 culturelle de la France \u00e0 travers leurs id\u00e9es novatrices et leur cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 d\u00e9bordante.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Quels secrets cachaient les cercles litt\u00e9raires fran\u00e7ais du XIXe si\u00e8cle ? Plonge dans l\u2019univers fascinant des revues de l\u2019\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2198,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[143,117,118],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mouvements-litteraires","category-culture-francaise","category-litterature"],"spectra_custom_meta":{"_wp_page_template":["default"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_title":["Revues et cercles litt\u00e9raires en France \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle"],"rank_math_description":["Quels secrets cachaient les cercles litt\u00e9raires fran\u00e7ais du XIXe si\u00e8cle ? Plonge dans l\u2019univers fascinant des revues de l\u2019\u00e9poque."],"rank_math_focus_keyword":[""],"_thumbnail_id":["2198"],"_last_translation_edit_mode":["translation-editor"],"_wpml_word_count":["865"],"rank_math_primary_category":["76"],"_uagb_toc_options":["a:2:{s:17:\"_uagb_toc_version\";s:10:\"1778168533\";s:18:\"_uagb_toc_headings\";a:3:{i:0;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:67:\"le-r\u00f4le-crucial-des-cercles-litt\u00e9raires-\u00e0-la-fin-du-xixe-si\u00e8cle\";s:7:\"content\";s:67:\"Le r\u00f4le crucial des cercles litt\u00e9raires \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}i:1;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:69:\"symbolisme-et-modernisme-transformations-dans-les-revues-litt\u00e9raires\";s:7:\"content\";s:71:\"Symbolisme et modernisme : transformations dans les revues litt\u00e9raires\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}i:2;a:4:{s:5:\"level\";i:2;s:2:\"id\";s:55:\"personnalit\u00e9s-cl\u00e9s-des-cercles-litt\u00e9raires-fran\u00e7ais\";s:7:\"content\";s:55:\"Personnalit\u00e9s cl\u00e9s des cercles litt\u00e9raires fran\u00e7ais\";s:5:\"depth\";i:2;}}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-2197.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-2197.js"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:18422:\"\ufeff.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__wrap{display:inline-block;max-width:-moz-available;max-width:-webkit-fill-available;max-width:fill-available}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents li.uagb-toc__list{padding-top:10px}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ul.uagb-toc__list,.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ol.uagb-toc__list{list-style-position:inside;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:2.2em}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ul.uagb-toc__list li,.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ol.uagb-toc__list li{margin:0}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ul li:empty{display:none}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__title-wrap{display:flex;align-items:center}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__title{display:flex;align-items:center}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uagb-toc__is-collapsible.uagb-toc__title-wrap{cursor:pointer}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uag-toc__collapsible-wrap svg{width:20px;height:20px}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents svg{width:20px;height:20px;display:inline-block;margin-left:10px;cursor:pointer}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents .uag-toc__collapsible-wrap{display:flex;margin-left:10px;cursor:pointer}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse .uagb-toc__list-wrap{display:none}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ul.uagb-toc__list,.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ol.uagb-toc__list{padding-left:2px}ol.uagb-toc__list li.uagb-toc__list ul,ol.uagb-toc__list ul.uagb-toc__list ul{list-style-type:circle}ol.uagb-toc__list>ul,ol.uagb-toc__list>li{list-style-type:disc}.uagb-toc__scroll-top{position:fixed;right:50px;bottom:50px;display:none;padding:10px;background:#ccd0d4;cursor:pointer;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.8571428571}.uagb-toc__scroll-top svg{width:1.6em;height:.6em;margin-left:0;transform:translate(0, -20%) rotate(180deg);fill:currentColor}.uagb-toc__scroll-top.uagb-toc__show-scroll{display:inline-table}body[class*=astra] .uagb-toc__list{line-height:normal}.uagb-toc__list{margin-top:0}.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents ol.uagb-toc__list li.uagb-toc__list.uagb-toc__list--expandable{list-style-type:none !important}ul.uagb-toc__list--child-of-closed-list{padding-top:0 !important}ul.uagb-toc__list--hidden-child{display:none !important}.list-open::before,.list-collapsed::before{content:\"\u25bc\"\/\"\";transition:transform .3s ease;transform:scale(0.7) translateX(-50%);display:inline-block}.list-collapsed::before{transform:scale(0.7) rotate(-90deg) translate(-84%, 6%)}span.list-open,span.list-collapsed{cursor:pointer;outline:none !important}.uagb-toc__list.transition{transition:max-height 300ms ease-in-out,padding-top 300ms ease-in-out}.uagb-toc__loader{border:2px solid #f3f3f3;border-top:2px solid #0073aa;border-radius:50%;width:20px;height:20px;animation:spin 1.1s linear infinite;display:block;position:absolute;margin-top:5px}.uagb-toc__list-hidden{opacity:0}@keyframes spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}[dir=rtl] .list-open::before{transform:scale(0.7) translateX(50%)}[dir=rtl] .list-collapsed::before{transform:scale(0.7) rotate(90deg) translate(84%, 6%)}[dir=rtl] .wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ul.uagb-toc__list,[dir=rtl] .wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents.uagb-toc__collapse--list ol.uagb-toc__list{padding-left:0;padding-right:2px;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.2em}.wp-block-uagb-container{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;transition-property:box-shadow;transition-duration:.2s;transition-timing-function:ease}.wp-block-uagb-container .spectra-container-link-overlay{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:10}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-blockquote,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-login,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-register{margin:unset}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap{height:100%;width:100%;top:0;left:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:opacity 1s;-o-transition:opacity 1s;transition:opacity 1s}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;line-height:1;border:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;background-size:cover}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid{display:grid;width:100%}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;width:inherit}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignwide.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-info-box),body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap,body .wp-block-uagb-container>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-container-link-overlay):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-lottie):not(.uagb-faq__outer-wrap){min-width:unset !important;width:100%;position:relative}body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container ol,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap ol{max-width:-webkit-fill-available;margin-block-start:0;margin-block-end:0;margin-left:20px}.ast-plain-container .editor-styles-wrapper .block-editor-block-list__layout.is-root-container .uagb-is-root-container.wp-block-uagb-container.alignwide{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.uagb-container__shape{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;line-height:0;direction:ltr}.uagb-container__shape-top{top:-3px}.uagb-container__shape-bottom{bottom:-3px}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-bottom,.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-top{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-flip svg{transform:translateX(-50%) rotateY(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape svg{display:block;width:-webkit-calc(100% + 1.3px);width:calc(100% + 1.3px);position:relative;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}.uagb-container__shape .uagb-container__shape-fill{-webkit-transform-origin:center;-ms-transform-origin:center;transform-origin:center;-webkit-transform:rotateY(0deg);transform:rotateY(0deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-above-content{z-index:9;pointer-events:none}.nv-single-page-wrap .nv-content-wrap.entry-content .wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw)}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading{width:-webkit-fill-available}}.wp-block-uagb-image--align-none{justify-content:center}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h1,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h2,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h3,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h4,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h5,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading h6,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading p,.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading div{word-break:break-word}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-heading-text{margin:0}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin:0}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-separator{font-size:0;border-top-style:solid;display:inline-block;margin:0 0 10px 0}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{color:#f78a0c;border:0;transition:all .3s ease}.uag-highlight-toolbar{border-left:0;border-top:0;border-bottom:0;border-radius:0;border-right-color:#1e1e1e}.uag-highlight-toolbar .components-button{border-radius:0;outline:none}.uag-highlight-toolbar .components-button.is-primary{color:#fff}.uagb-block-592a180d.wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents{text-align: center;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap li a{color: var(u002du002dast-global-color-1);}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap .uagb-toc__title-wrap{justify-content: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap .uagb-toc__title{color: var(u002du002dast-global-color-0);justify-content: space-between;cursor: pointer;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap{border-top-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-left-radius: 6px;border-top-right-radius: 6px;border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;border-color: #333;border-style: solid;padding-left: 30px;padding-right: 30px;padding-top: 30px;padding-bottom: 30px;background: rgba(237,237,237,0.65);width: 100%;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap{column-count: 1;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap > ul.uagb-toc__list > li:first-child{padding-top: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol.uagb-toc__list:first-child{margin-left: 30px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul.uagb-toc__list:last-child > li:last-child{padding-bottom: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list{list-style-type: none !important;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list .uagb-toc__list{list-style-type: none !important;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__title{font-family: \"Lato\";font-weight: 600;font-size: 30px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li a{font-family: \"Lato\";text-decoration: none;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape-top svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-top .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape-bottom svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-bottom .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879 .uagb-container__video-wrap video{opacity: 1;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-2dc29879{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879{box-shadow: 0px 4px 12px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.16) ;padding-top: 3%;padding-bottom: 2%;padding-left: 2%;padding-right: 2%;margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;overflow: visible;order: initial;border-top-left-radius: 6px;border-top-right-radius: 6px;border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;border-color: inherit;background: linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(67,51,97,0.03) 0%,rgba(67,51,97,0.17) 100%);;background-clip: padding-box;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;justify-content: center;flex-wrap: nowrap;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;max-width: 100% !important;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {margin-bottom: 0%;margin-left: 2%;padding-top: 2px;padding-right: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;padding-left: 0px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin-bottom: 15px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{font-style: normal;font-weight: Default;background: #007cba;color: #fff;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::-moz-selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09 .uagb-heading-text{font-family: \"Lato\";font-weight: 700;font-size: 21px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__title{font-size: 22px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap{border-style: solid;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol.uagb-toc__list:first-child{margin-left: 15px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap{column-count: 1;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap > ul.uagb-toc__list > li:first-child{padding-top: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul.uagb-toc__list:last-child > li:last-child{padding-bottom: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li a{font-size: 18px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-2dc29879{width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879{padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 2px;padding-left: 2px;padding-right: 2px;margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;order: initial;background: linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(67,51,97,0.03) 0%,rgba(67,51,97,0.17) 100%);;background-clip: padding-box;max-width: !important;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-83cc9a09.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {padding-top: 2%;padding-right: 2%;padding-bottom: 2%;padding-left: 0%;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li{font-size: 18px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__wrap{border-style: solid;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol.uagb-toc__list:first-child{margin-left: 0px;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap{column-count: 1;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap > ul.uagb-toc__list > li:first-child{padding-top: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ul.uagb-toc__list:last-child > li:last-child{padding-bottom: 0;}.uagb-block-592a180d .uagb-toc__list-wrap ol li a{font-size: 18px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-2dc29879{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-2dc29879{padding-top: 3%;padding-bottom: 2%;padding-left: 2%;padding-right: 2%;margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;order: initial;background: linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(67,51,97,0.03) 0%,rgba(67,51,97,0.17) 100%);;background-clip: padding-box;flex-wrap: wrap;max-width: 100% !important;}}.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media(max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media(max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important}}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {margin-bottom: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin-bottom: 15px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{font-style: normal;font-weight: Default;background: #007cba;color: #fff;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::-moz-selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747 .uagb-heading-text{font-family: \"Lato\";font-size: 25px;line-height: 1.1em;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747 .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 27px;line-height: 1.2em;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-aad02747 .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 25px;line-height: 1.2em;}}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading {margin-bottom: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-desc-text{margin-bottom: 15px;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight{font-style: normal;font-weight: Default;background: #007cba;color: #fff;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::-moz-selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading .uagb-highlight::selection{color: #fff;background: #007cba;-webkit-text-fill-color: #fff;}.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e .uagb-heading-text{font-family: \"Lato\";font-size: 21px;line-height: 1.1em;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 27px;line-height: 1.2em;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading.uagb-block-914edb3e .uagb-heading-text{font-size: 25px;line-height: 1.2em;}}\";s:2:\"js\";s:385:\"document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function(){ window.addEventListener( 'load', function(){\n\tUAGBTableOfContents._run( {\"mappingHeaders\":[false,true,true,true,true,true],\"scrollToTop\":false,\"makeCollapsible\":true,\"enableCollapsableList\":false,\"initialCollapse\":true,\"markerView\":\"decimal\",\"isFrontend\":true,\"initiallyCollapseList\":false}, '.uagb-block-592a180d' );\n} );\n });\";s:18:\"current_block_list\";a:11:{i:0;s:22:\"uagb\/table-of-contents\";i:1;s:14:\"uagb\/container\";i:2;s:21:\"uagb\/advanced-heading\";i:3;s:14:\"core\/shortcode\";i:4;s:11:\"core\/search\";i:5;s:10:\"core\/group\";i:6;s:17:\"core\/latest-posts\";i:8;s:12:\"core\/heading\";i:9;s:20:\"core\/latest-comments\";i:11;s:13:\"core\/archives\";i:12;s:15:\"core\/categories\";}s:8:\"uag_flag\";b:1;s:11:\"uag_version\";s:10:\"1778168533\";s:6:\"gfonts\";a:1:{s:4:\"Lato\";a:2:{s:10:\"fontfamily\";s:4:\"Lato\";s:12:\"fontvariants\";a:2:{i:0;s:3:\"600\";i:1;s:3:\"700\";}}}s:10:\"gfonts_url\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"gfonts_files\";a:0:{}s:14:\"uag_faq_layout\";b:0;}"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/revistas-circulos-literarios-francia-fin-de-siglo-contexto-protagonistas-impacto.webp",1080,617,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/revistas-circulos-literarios-francia-fin-de-siglo-contexto-protagonistas-impacto-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/revistas-circulos-literarios-francia-fin-de-siglo-contexto-protagonistas-impacto-300x171.webp",300,171,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/revistas-circulos-literarios-francia-fin-de-siglo-contexto-protagonistas-impacto-768x439.webp",768,439,true],"large":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/revistas-circulos-literarios-francia-fin-de-siglo-contexto-protagonistas-impacto-1024x585.webp",1024,585,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/revistas-circulos-literarios-francia-fin-de-siglo-contexto-protagonistas-impacto.webp",1080,617,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/atlangue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/revistas-circulos-literarios-francia-fin-de-siglo-contexto-protagonistas-impacto.webp",1080,617,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Mica\u00ebl Girondin","author_link":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/aut\/micael-girondin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Quels secrets cachaient les cercles litt\u00e9raires fran\u00e7ais du XIXe si\u00e8cle ? Plonge dans l\u2019univers fascinant des revues de l\u2019\u00e9poque.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2197\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlangue.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}